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| 1952 |
| | | A decision by the United Nations makes Eritrea an autonomous federal province within Ethiopia | |
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| 1952 |
| | | An outbreak of terrorism in Kenya is orchestrated by a secret Kikuyu organization, the Mau Mau | |
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| 1953 |
| | | Jomo Kenyatta, charged with having organized the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya, is sentenced to seven years in prison | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Civil war breaks out in Sudan between the Muslim north and the Christian south | |
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| 1956 |
| | | The Sudan, declining the opportunity of union with Egypt, opts for independence as a separate state | |
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| 1959 |
| | | Mary Leakey finds in the Olduvai Gorge the first specimen of a new hominid species, now known as Australopithecus Boisei | |
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| 1959 |
| | | Rwanda suffers the first nationwide outbreak of Hutu violence against Tutsis | |
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| 1960 |
| | | French Cameroun becomes independent as the republic of Cameroun, with Ahmadou Ahidjo as the first president | |
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| 1960 |
| | | Patrice Lumumba becomes prime minister of the newly independent Democratic Republic of the Congo, previously the Belgian Congo | |
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| 1960 |
| | | British and Italian colonies merge as the independent Somali republic, also known as Somalia, with Aden Abdullah Osman as president | |
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